4/29/2023 0 Comments Monocular vs binocular vision![]() ![]() Using the results of image grading and the level of visual impairment, together with self-reported eye history, graders assigned the primary diagnosis leading to visual impairment for each eye in a sample of 25% of the cases. Approval was also obtained for access to anonymised UK Biobank data by researchers, without the need for additional approvals.Īssigning the primary diagnosis leading to visual impairment The UK Biobank project received approval from the North-West Multicentre Research Ethics Committee. Cases for the nested pilot study were selected in order to be representative of all participants with visual impairment in terms of visual acuity, age, sex and ethnicity. In a nested pilot study, the ability to identify both the primary cause of and associations with visual impairment, using self-reported eye history and image grading, was investigated in a subset of 25% of those with visual impairment and fundus imaging. From these 65 033 UK Biobank participants with imaging, 8359 cases had mild visual impairment or worse (logMAR >0.3 or Snellen >6/12) in at least one eye and were matched with controls, without visual impairment, by age (5 year bands), sex and ethnic group at a ratio of 1:4. This included visual acuity with habitual correction, using a semiautomated system using logMAR optotypes, autorefraction and self-reported eye history for 133 668 participants, of whom 65 033 also underwent colour fundus photography and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. 3–5 Deprivation was assessed using the Townsend score: a measure of deprivation for each postcode area, derived from census data on employment, household overcrowding, car and home ownership.Īdditional enhancements to the baseline assessment visit were included for the collection of eye data from 2009. 2 Data collection during the baseline and enhanced assessments has been reported elsewhere. Over the course of 2006–2010, UK Biobank recruited 503 325 participants at 22 centres by postal invitation (5.47% response rate). ![]() The aims of this project were to determine the prevalence of monocular and binocular visual impairment among UK Biobank participants, to investigate associations with known and potential socioeconomic, biometric, lifestyle and medical variables and to determine the causes of visual impairment among UK Biobank participants using self-reported eye history and image grading. ![]() 2 The size and breadth of the UK Biobank dataset provides a unique opportunity to collect accurate data on the prevalence and causes of visual impairment among participants. UK Biobank is a voluntary, cross-sectional study of UK residents that aims to investigate how lifestyle, environment and genes influence the health of adults, aged 40–69 years, in the UK. 1 Given the recent increases in obesity and diabetes mellitus and national differences in ethnicity, smoking history and socioeconomic status, the findings of these studies may not be relevant to the current UK population. For middle-aged adults, the most widely used data come from a number of international, population-based studies, many of which concluded almost 20 years ago. Reliable prevalence data do exist but mainly for children and the elderly or for those with certifiable visual impairment. At present, data on the prevalence, associations with and diagnoses leading to visual impairment among middle-aged adults in the UK, especially those of working age, are lacking.
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